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GRAVITY CASTING PROCESS

Gravity Die Casting

Permanent Mold Casting / Gravity Die Casting

Reliable permanent-mold casting for aluminum and non-ferrous components using natural gravity filling.

Gravity casting fills a reusable metal mold without external injection pressure. The process offers stable production, good surface quality, heat-treatment capability, and lower equipment complexity than pressure casting.

Discuss Your Casting Project View Gravity Casting Line

此处图片：Gravity Casting 核心主视觉：金属模处于开启或半开启状态，浇包正在向模具浇入铝液；突出依靠重力自上而下充型；不要出现高压压射机构

作用：用于在首屏快速解释 Gravity Die Casting 的金属模与自然重力充型特征

Metal MoldGravity FillingFinished Casting
Filling Method
Gravity
Mold Type
Reusable Metal Mold
Typical Materials
Aluminum / Copper Alloys
Production
Low to Medium / Medium Volume

01 / WHAT IS GRAVITY CASTING?

What Is Gravity Casting?

In this website, Gravity Casting means Gravity Die Casting / Permanent Mold Casting: molten metal enters a reusable metal mold through a gating system and fills the cavity by its own weight. It does not use high-pressure injection or the low-pressure rise of metal from a pressurized furnace.

  • 01
    Gravity-fed filling

    Molten metal enters the cavity through a gating system and fills it under its own weight.

  • 02
    Reusable metal mold

    The permanent mold can be opened, released and used again for a planned production program.

  • 03
    No external injection pressure

    Gravity casting is distinct from high-pressure die casting and low-pressure casting.

  • 04
    Project-specific route

    Alloy, geometry, mold design, volume and quality requirements must be reviewed together.

此处图片：Gravity Die Casting 原理剖面图：包含浇包、浇口、可重复使用的金属模、型腔、冒口、铸件和由上向下的重力箭头；不要出现压铸冲头、升液管或密闭加压炉

作用：用于解释熔融金属如何在没有外部加压的情况下进入永久金属模并完成充型

02 / HOW GRAVITY CASTING WORKS

Follow the route from molten metal to finished casting.

The six stages below describe the core Gravity Die Casting sequence. Final equipment, cycle conditions and controls remain specific to the alloy, mold, part and project requirements.

  1. 01
    Metal Melting

    Melt the selected aluminum alloy or other non-ferrous metal and stabilize its condition.

  2. 02
    Melt Treatment

    Treat the melt through degassing, refining or slag removal as required by the project.

  3. 03
    Mold Preparation

    Preheat, coat and condition the reusable metal mold before pouring.

  4. 04
    Gravity Pouring

    Pour molten metal through the gating system and let natural gravity fill the cavity.

  5. 05
    Solidification & Mold Opening

    Allow the casting to solidify, then open the mold when the cycle is ready.

  6. 06
    Trimming & Finishing

    Remove gates, risers and flash before cleaning, inspection or machining.

Gravity filling is the defining principle: the mold receives metal through the gating system without an external high-pressure injection or low-pressure rise.

03 / PROCESS STAGES IN DETAIL

See what each stage needs to deliver to the next.

01 / STAGE

Metal Melting

Melt the selected aluminum alloy or other non-ferrous metal and stabilize its condition.

What happens

The selected alloy is melted and held in a suitable furnace route. Temperature, transfer condition and the handoff to treatment or pouring are considered around the casting requirement.

Why it matters

A stable metal condition gives the mold and pouring stages a consistent starting point. The alloy and required properties determine the appropriate preparation route.

Key process controls
  • Melt temperature and holding condition
  • Alloy identification
  • Transfer and handling condition
Typical equipment
  • Melting Furnace
  • Holding Furnace
  • Ladle / Transfer System
View Related Equipment Read Related Guide

此处图片：熔炼炉与铝液场景，突出熔炼、保温、金属液转移和温度控制；不要出现高压压射机构

作用：用于说明 Gravity Casting 的金属液从熔炼到浇注前的准备阶段

02 / STAGE

Melt Treatment

Treat the melt through degassing, refining or slag removal as required by the project.

What happens

The molten metal may pass through degassing, refining and cleaning steps selected for the alloy and quality requirements. The treatment route is confirmed with the material and downstream inspection plan.

Why it matters

Hydrogen and inclusions can affect porosity, cleanliness and mechanical performance. Melt treatment connects metallurgy to the final casting condition.

Key process controls
  • Degassing practice
  • Slag and inclusion removal
  • Melt cleanliness records
Typical equipment
  • Degassing Unit
  • Melt Treatment Station
  • Slag Removal Tools
View Related Equipment Read Related Guide

此处图片：铝液除气或精炼设备正在处理熔体的场景，表现气体排出、除渣和清洁金属液；不要使用高压压射设备

作用：用于说明熔体处理如何支持 Gravity Casting 的铸件质量

03 / STAGE

Mold Preparation

Preheat, coat and condition the reusable metal mold before pouring.

What happens

The permanent mold is inspected, preheated and coated or adjusted according to the mold and alloy route. Mold temperature and release condition are checked before the cycle begins.

Why it matters

Mold condition affects filling, cooling, surface quality and mold release. Preparation also gives the operator or automation system a repeatable cycle starting point.

Key process controls
  • Mold temperature
  • Coating or release condition
  • Mold alignment and cavity condition
Typical equipment
  • Gravity Casting Mold
  • Mold Preheating System
  • Spraying / Coating Station
View Related Equipment Read Related Guide

此处图片：金属模具预热、喷涂脱模剂或模温控制场景，展示型腔、模具闭合面和模温准备；不要出现砂型或高压压铸机

作用：用于说明永久金属模在浇注前的准备与重复使用条件

04 / STAGE

Gravity Pouring

Pour molten metal through the gating system and let natural gravity fill the cavity.

What happens

Molten metal is delivered to the pouring position and enters the mold through the sprue, runner and gate arrangement. The pouring sequence and speed are kept consistent without external injection pressure.

Why it matters

This is the defining Gravity Casting handoff. The mold, gating design, melt condition and operator or automatic pouring route work together to manage filling.

Key process controls
  • Pouring position and sequence
  • Pouring speed and consistency
  • Gating and venting condition
Typical equipment
  • Gravity Casting Machine
  • Ladle / Pouring System
  • Mold Handling System
View Related Equipment Read Related Guide

此处图片：Gravity Casting 最核心画面：浇包向金属模浇注铝液，箭头表现金属液依靠自然重力由上向下进入型腔；禁止出现压射冲头

作用：用于直观表达 Gravity Die Casting 与高压压射、低压升液的区别

05 / STAGE

Solidification & Mold Opening

Allow the casting to solidify, then open the mold when the cycle is ready.

What happens

The casting remains in the metal mold through the required solidification stage. Once the project-specific cycle and handling condition are ready, the mold opens and the casting is released or ejected.

Why it matters

Cooling balance affects shrinkage, thermal stress, surface condition and safe handling. Mold opening must protect the casting and preserve the repeatable cycle.

Key process controls
  • Cooling balance and cycle condition
  • Mold opening sequence
  • Casting release and ejection
Typical equipment
  • Mold Opening Mechanism
  • Ejection System
  • Cooling / Cycle Control
View Related Equipment Read Related Guide

此处图片：金属模打开后铸件仍位于模具中的状态，展示开模方向、铸件顶出位置和冷却后的模具；不要出现砂箱落砂

作用：用于说明凝固、开模和铸件从永久金属模释放的关系

06 / STAGE

Trimming & Finishing

Remove gates, risers and flash before cleaning, inspection or machining.

What happens

The released casting moves through gate and riser removal, flash removal, shot blasting, grinding or other finishing steps defined for the part. The handoff to inspection or machining is kept visible.

Why it matters

Finishing closes the casting cycle and prepares the component for its agreed next operation. The exact scope depends on the mold, gating and downstream requirements.

Key process controls
  • Gate and riser removal
  • Flash and surface condition
  • Inspection or machining handoff
Typical equipment
  • Cutting / Trimming Equipment
  • Shot Blasting Machine
  • Grinding / Fettling Equipment
View Related Equipment Read Related Guide

此处图片：锯切、切边、抛丸或打磨后的铝合金 Gravity Casting 铸件，突出浇口冒口去除和后处理；不要使用薄壁高压压铸壳体

作用：用于说明铸件离开金属模后的清理、切边和下游交接

04 / WHY USE GRAVITY CASTING?

Choose a process that balances tooling, quality and production flexibility.

Gravity Casting is a process route to evaluate, not a universal replacement for sand, low-pressure or high-pressure casting.

01 / ADVANTAGE

Lower Equipment Complexity

No high-pressure injection system or low-pressure sealed furnace and riser tube is required for the gravity filling principle.

02 / ADVANTAGE

Reusable Metal Molds

A permanent mold supports repeatable production after the tooling route and cycle are established.

03 / ADVANTAGE

Good Mechanical Properties

Compared with very fast pressure filling, the route can offer a lower air-entrapment tendency and can suit heat-treatment review.

04 / ADVANTAGE

Good Surface Finish

A metal mold can provide a more stable surface starting point than a conventional sand mold, subject to design and process controls.

05 / ADVANTAGE

Flexible Production

The process can be considered for low to medium and medium-volume programs where flexibility matters.

06 / ADVANTAGE

Lower Initial Investment

The equipment and control scope is often simpler to deploy than a high-pressure die-casting cell, subject to the part and tooling plan.

05 / SUITABLE PARTS & MATERIALS

Review the alloy and part family before fixing the mold route.

Aluminum Alloy Gravity Casting is the main focus. Other materials and components require a project-specific review of geometry, tooling, volume and quality requirements.

01 / MATERIAL

Aluminum Alloys

The primary focus for this page. Alloy selection, melt treatment, mold condition and heat-treatment requirements should be reviewed together.

02 / MATERIAL

Copper Alloys

Copper-alloy parts may be considered when the alloy, mold, thermal load and part geometry fit the gravity route.

03 / MATERIAL

Zinc Alloys

Selected zinc-alloy programs can be evaluated around the part, tooling and required production conditions.

04 / MATERIAL

Selected Magnesium Alloys

Magnesium applications require a project-specific review of alloy, safety, melt handling, mold and quality requirements.

TYPICAL COMPONENTS

  • Pump Housings
  • Valve Bodies
  • Motor Housings
  • Automotive Components
  • Motorcycle Components
  • General Industrial Castings

PART FIT

Use geometry, wall thickness and downstream requirements to screen the route.

Typical applications are a starting point for technical discussion, not a guarantee of suitability.

此处图片：4–6 个典型 Gravity Casting 铝合金铸件组合图，例如泵体、阀体、电机壳体、支架、汽车铝件；避免明显属于高压压铸的超薄壁复杂壳体

作用：用于帮助采购商判断 Gravity Casting 适合的典型零件范围

06 / PROCESS CAPABILITY

Define the capability range around the project.

The table is CMS-ready and intentionally avoids fixed absolute numbers. Casting weight, dimensions, tolerance, roughness, annual capacity and alloy grades should be filled after the drawing and production plan are reviewed.

Gravity Casting capability framework
CapabilityDisplay
MaterialAluminum / Copper / Other Non-Ferrous
MoldPermanent Metal Mold
FillingGravity
Production VolumeLow to Medium / Medium
Heat TreatmentAvailable
MachiningAvailable
Core UseSand Core / Metal Core Optional
AutomationManual / Semi-Automatic / Automatic

07 / CRITICAL PROCESS CONTROLS

Keep temperature, flow, mold and solidification interfaces visible.

Control points are connected across stages. A defect observed after finishing may have a contributing factor in melt treatment, mold preparation, pouring or cooling.

01 / CONTROL

Melt Temperature

Temperature outside the suitable process window may contribute to incomplete filling, oxidation, gas absorption or additional mold thermal load.

What to monitor
Monitor melt preparation, holding and transfer condition around the selected alloy.
Related stage
Metal Melting / Melt Treatment
02 / CONTROL

Mold Temperature

Mold temperature influences filling, solidification speed, surface quality and shrinkage behavior.

What to monitor
Monitor preheating, cycle balance and local thermal conditions where relevant.
Related stage
Mold Preparation / Solidification
03 / CONTROL

Pouring Speed

Gravity filling is not pressure injection, but pouring speed and sequence still influence turbulence and entrained gas.

What to monitor
Monitor pouring position, timing, stream consistency and operator or automation repeatability.
Related stage
Gravity Pouring
04 / CONTROL

Gating & Riser Design

The gating and riser system guides metal flow and supports feeding during solidification.

What to monitor
Review sprue, runner, gate, venting and riser arrangement with the part geometry.
Related stage
Gravity Pouring / Solidification
05 / CONTROL

Degassing & Melt Cleanliness

Hydrogen and inclusions in the melt can affect porosity, cleanliness and mechanical performance.

What to monitor
Monitor degassing, refining, slag removal and material identification records.
Related stage
Melt Treatment
06 / CONTROL

Cooling Balance

Uneven cooling can contribute to shrinkage, thermal stress, hot tears or inconsistent structure.

What to monitor
Monitor the cycle, mold temperature distribution, local cooling and release condition.
Related stage
Solidification / Mold Opening

此处图片：Gravity Casting 关键工艺控制点信息图，标注熔体温度、除气、模温、浇注速度、浇道冒口、金属模和冷却凝固；使用简洁工程箭头

作用：用于展示六类关键控制点在完整 Gravity Die Casting 流程中的位置

08 / PROCESS COMPARISON

Gravity Casting vs Die Casting vs Low Pressure Casting.

Use the comparison as a starting framework. Actual process selection depends on the drawing, alloy, wall thickness, volume, tooling and quality requirements.

  1. 01
    Explore Die Casting

    High-pressure filling for high-volume programs.

  2. 02
    Explore Low Pressure Casting

    Controlled low-pressure filling for suitable parts.

  3. 03
    Explore Gravity Casting Line

    Complete equipment scope for a gravity-fed route.

Gravity Casting compared with Low Pressure Casting and Die Casting
ItemGravity CastingLow Pressure CastingDie Casting
Filling ForceGravityLow Gas PressureHigh Injection Pressure
Filling SpeedLow / MediumControlledVery High
Equipment ComplexityLowMediumHigh
Tooling CostMediumMedium / HighHigh
Porosity RiskRelatively LowLowHigher Without Vacuum Control
Heat TreatmentUsually SuitableSuitableDepends on Process
Thin Wall CapabilityLimitedMediumExcellent
Production RateMediumMediumVery High
Typical VolumeLow–MediumMedium–HighHigh–Very High

09 / TYPICAL EQUIPMENT

Equipment follows the process stage, not the other way around.

This is a technical overview, not a product catalogue. Final equipment selection depends on the component, alloy, production plan, layout and automation target.

此处图片：熔炼与保温炉设备类别图，展示金属液从熔化、保温到转移的工艺位置；不要出现高压压射机构

作用：用于说明 Melting / Holding Furnace 在 Gravity Casting 工艺中的角色；属于工艺主路线设备

EQUIPMENT CATEGORY

Melting / Holding Furnace

Prepares and holds the selected non-ferrous alloy before treatment and pouring.

  • Melting Furnace
  • Holding Furnace
  • Temperature Monitoring
Explore Equipment

此处图片：铝液除气与精炼设备类别图，展示转子除气、精炼、除渣和金属液检测关系

作用：用于说明 Degassing Unit 在 Gravity Casting 工艺中的角色；属于工艺主路线设备

EQUIPMENT CATEGORY

Degassing Unit

Supports melt treatment, degassing and cleanliness control around the alloy and quality plan.

  • Rotor Degassing Unit
  • Refining Station
  • Slag Removal Tools
Explore Equipment

此处图片：Gravity Casting Machine 设备类别图，展示永久金属模、开模、顶出和自然重力浇注位置；不能画成高压压铸机

作用：用于说明 Gravity Casting Machine 在 Gravity Casting 工艺中的角色；属于工艺主路线设备

EQUIPMENT CATEGORY

Gravity Casting Machine

Holds, opens and releases the reusable metal mold through the gravity pouring cycle.

  • Permanent Mold
  • Mold Opening Mechanism
  • Ejection System
Explore Equipment

此处图片：金属模预热、喷涂和模温控制设备类别图，展示模具准备与循环控制关系

作用：用于说明 Mold Temperature Control System 在 Gravity Casting 工艺中的角色；属于可选支持设备，需按项目确认

OPTIONAL SUPPORT

Mold Temperature Control System

Preheats and conditions the mold so its thermal state supports a repeatable cycle.

  • Mold Preheater
  • Spraying / Coating Station
  • Temperature Control
Explore Equipment

此处图片：铝合金铸件切边、锯切和打磨设备类别图，展示浇口冒口去除与后处理交接

作用：用于说明 Trimming / Cutting Equipment 在 Gravity Casting 工艺中的角色；属于可选支持设备，需按项目确认

OPTIONAL SUPPORT

Trimming / Cutting Equipment

Removes gates, risers and flash before inspection, machining or packing.

  • Cut-Off Machine
  • Trimming Press
  • Grinding Workstation
Explore Equipment

此处图片：铝合金 Gravity Casting 铸件抛丸、清理和检验设备类别图；不要使用无关实验室场景

作用：用于说明 Shot Blasting / Cleaning Equipment 在 Gravity Casting 工艺中的角色；属于可选支持设备，需按项目确认

OPTIONAL SUPPORT

Shot Blasting / Cleaning Equipment

Cleans the casting surface and prepares it for inspection or the next finishing operation.

  • Shot Blasting Machine
  • Cleaning Station
  • Inspection Workstation
Explore Equipment

Need the complete equipment route?

See Complete Gravity Casting Line

10 / QUALITY CONTROL

Connect process records with casting inspection.

Quality review should combine the control history with the inspection method agreed for the part, alloy and customer requirement.

PROCESS CONTROL

  • Melt temperature
  • Hydrogen / degassing
  • Mold temperature
  • Pouring consistency
  • Cooling time
  • Cycle records

CASTING INSPECTION

  • Visual inspection
  • Dimensional inspection
  • X-ray inspection
  • Dye penetrant testing
  • Mechanical properties
  • Pressure / leakage test
  • Chemical composition

此处图片：铝合金 Gravity Casting 铸件质量检测场景，例如尺寸检测、X-Ray 或压力测试；不要使用与铸造无关的实验室图片

作用：用于说明过程控制与铸件检验如何共同支持最终质量判断

11 / APPLICATIONS & PROCESS FIT

Start with the part, then decide whether gravity filling fits.

These application directions are typical starting points, not customer cases or universal suitability claims.

此处图片：Automotive Gravity Casting 典型铝合金铸件组合图；仅为 Typical Application，不代表真实客户案例；不要使用高压压铸超薄壁壳体

作用：用于帮助采购商判断该应用方向是否值得进一步评估

01 / APPLICATION

Automotive

Why Gravity Casting Can FitAluminum structural parts, pump housings, brackets and covers can be reviewed around geometry, volume and quality requirements.

此处图片：Pump & Valve Gravity Casting 典型铝合金铸件组合图；仅为 Typical Application，不代表真实客户案例；不要使用高压压铸超薄壁壳体

作用：用于帮助采购商判断该应用方向是否值得进一步评估

02 / APPLICATION

Pump & Valve

Why Gravity Casting Can FitPump housings, valve bodies and flow-related parts need a combined review of cores, pressure tightness and machining.

此处图片：Industrial Equipment Gravity Casting 典型铝合金铸件组合图；仅为 Typical Application，不代表真实客户案例；不要使用高压压铸超薄壁壳体

作用：用于帮助采购商判断该应用方向是否值得进一步评估

03 / APPLICATION

Industrial Equipment

Why Gravity Casting Can FitMotor housings, mechanical covers and general industrial parts can be assessed for repeatable metal-mold production.

此处图片：General Aluminum Components Gravity Casting 典型铝合金铸件组合图；仅为 Typical Application，不代表真实客户案例；不要使用高压压铸超薄壁壳体

作用：用于帮助采购商判断该应用方向是否值得进一步评估

04 / APPLICATION

General Aluminum Components

Why Gravity Casting Can FitComponents requiring stable quality and repeatable production can be screened for gravity filling and permanent tooling fit.

RECOMMENDED FOR

  • Very high die-casting speed is not the primary target
  • A reusable metal mold is preferred
  • Low to medium or medium-volume production
  • Aluminum or another suitable non-ferrous alloy
  • Lower air-entrapment tendency is important to review
  • Heat treatment is required or under consideration
  • The wall is not an extremely thin-wall design
  • Equipment investment should remain controlled

NOT ALWAYS SUITABLE FOR

  • Very high production volume
  • Extremely thin walls
  • Large, highly complex thin-wall shells
  • The shortest possible cycle is the primary requirement
  • Very large, low-volume parts where permanent tooling is uneconomic

13 / FAQ + RELATED RESOURCES

Common Gravity Casting questions, answered in process context.

Use the answers to frame an initial process discussion, then confirm suitability against the drawing, alloy, volume and quality requirements.

Gravity die casting is a permanent-mold casting process in which molten metal fills a reusable metal mold under natural gravity. It is also commonly called permanent mold casting.

14 / NEXT STEP

Need Help Choosing the Right Casting Process?

Send us your drawing, alloy, annual quantity and quality requirements. We can help evaluate whether gravity casting is suitable and recommend the required equipment or complete production line.

  • Process-fit review
  • Equipment direction by stage
  • Project-specific technical discussion

START WITH THE INFORMATION YOU HAVE

What to prepare

  • Drawing or part geometry
  • Alloy and required condition
  • Annual quantity or production target
  • Quality and inspection requirements
Send Your Drawing View Gravity Casting Line